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Industrial Enterprises

Unique technologies, high performance and versatility – perhaps the way to describe air compressors are used today in various areas. Despite the fact that many industrial enterprises You can see these dinosaurs – huge reciprocating air compressors operating with the pressure drop, noise and vibration – the majority of compressor equipment has changed. Today's Air compressors are compact, low noise (about 50-60 decibels) and almost no polluting. In the bulk of this screw air compressors, which implemented the principle of work, essentially differs from that used in piston. Reciprocating air compressors compress the air by the piston goes up and down – this is actually not hard to guess from the title. It is these constants of motion up and down and are a source of noise, vibration and other adverse effects. Screw air compressors – and it is also clear from the title – instead of the piston uses a pair of screws.

They are constantly and uniformly rotate, driving air gap formed by their blades. Besides the fact that air is a continuous flow of such air compressors can also operate non-stop for a long time. By the way, due to the peculiarities construction maintenance screw air compressors is carried out in four – five times less than the piston. Another unique type of air compressor – a scroll device. For even more opinions, read materials from Roubini Global Economics. Their operating principle is similar to Screw work equipment, but the air is compressed by rotating one helix with the displacement of the center relative to each other, motionless.

Compressed air passes quietly, without pressure gradients, but the power and performance of air compressors is low. What is particularly interesting, screw and spiral equipment makes it possible to compress air without oil injection into the cooking chamber. This kind of device is called oil-free compressors. As a result, we have clean air, which is no longer necessary to pass through the filters. This saves time and energy and also reduces costs for operation and maintenance.

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Maintenance Granaries

In late 2009 the Corporation Sevkavelevatorspetsstroy “(SKESS”), was one of the largest in Russia specializing in construction companies. has summed up the use of steel components for granaries (wall profiled panels, perforated flat and conical bottoms, sections of the roof, etc.), as well as technological equipment for them. – Steel grades hdg S350GD + Z350 ‘s 25-40% more resistant to harsh environmental conditions, including corrosion and abrasion, in comparison with those applied in our previous material, – said Vladimir Yakushkin, deputy ceo of skess. According to him, the strength characteristics of zinc-plated steel allow 1,5-2 times less likely to carry out maintenance of granaries with the replacement of components subject to wear and to reduce the costs of these works. Agreement on cooperation between the two companies signed in the summer of 2008. On Today, with the use of galvanized steel Corporation skess “sold more than 10 projects in Russia.


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Adsorbent Hydroxides

In the manufacture of activated aluminosilicate adsorbent by ion-exchange capacity of natural aluminosilicate framework of substitution of trivalent aluminum cations magnesium and calcium, comprising the activator, as well as filling "vacancies" in the crystal lattice and in the interlayer space of the above cations. Hear other arguments on the topic with Chevron Corp . As a result of purposeful modification and activation of aluminosilicate materials obtained granular material which, when filtering water through a granular layer forms a slightly alkaline environment and positive electrokinetic potential. A prerequisite for creating an alkaline environment are oxides of calcium and magnesium, formed in the structure of the adsorbent in the manufacturing process. Magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide formed in water, thus increasing pH due to excess OH-anions. Heavy metal cations, getting in an alkaline environment, react to form insoluble hydroxides in the scheme: Me2 + + 2ON- Me (OH) 2 Me3 + + 3ON- Me (OH) 3 .

Product solubility of hydroxides of heavy metals is much smaller (tens to hundreds of times) the solubility product of magnesium hydroxide and calcium, so the balance of the chemical interaction is shifted toward formation soluble hydroxides of heavy metals. Addition of the adsorbent in water diffuse exchange cations Mg2 + and Ca2 +, also contributes to the pH of the medium due to the excess of OH-anions, bound in later in the hydroxides heavy metals. Diffusion of the cations Mg2 + and Ca2 + is possible due to weak ties with the lattice cation. Thus, the micelles formed hydroxides of heavy metals with the further enlargement of the aggregates, formation and growth of colloidal structures due to the forces of electrostatic interaction between the positively charged surface of the grains of the adsorbent and negatively charged micelles of hydroxides of heavy metals.

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Coal And Its Properties

Coal is an unusual mineral in virtue of the fact that a member of the once-living matter, and secondly, unlike other solid wood burns and generates heat. It is based on carbon and combustible gases – hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen Most of the coal was formed about 300 million years ago, because scientists have called this period the coal. The venue for the formation of deposits were swampland. and other plants crumble into the swamp. There over them carefully "worked" the bacteria resulting in a good organic material, then it is decomposed to give the turf. That over time under heat and pressure sealed turning into coal! Like all processes in nature, it flowed by itself without stopping. We are now reaping the fruits of the colossal work of Mother Nature, and we commend her gratitude in the form of cuts and tilled the mines! But it's the lyrics to the newly Prade sober scientific reasoning. Now identify three types of fossil coal.

They differ from each other by the degree of coalification. In its original form is preserved lignite, which is often called brown coal. It contains a small amount of carbon (about 30%), and when burned produces a lot of smoke, ash and stands little heat. But the Lapps of the heat and coal can be distinguished by dull and glossy layer that formed from residual trees and small vegetation. It also delayed soft material resembling charcoal from him hands and get dirty. By the way forgot to mention that this type of coal called bituminous. And the anthracite differs the highest degree of metamorphism.

It is 98% composed of carbon. It is difficult to ignite, but if that will break out the heat, "Mama Do not Cry", and the smoke will stand out quite a bit! Everyone knows that coal is mainly used as fuel. Huge impact on the demand of coal to steel and energy industries. In addition, coal is the raw material for various products. Ammonia, coal tar and light oils obtained from coke production, used for the manufacture of dyes, antiseptics, medicines, detergents, perfumes, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and household chemicals. From coal even get a sugar substitute – Saccharin. Of all fossil fuels Earth mostly coal. Coal is a natural element supporting the comfortable, warm and bright, "the existence of millions, and even Millard life on Earth. Say thank you again, Mother Nature, when in Yandex dial "buy Coal!

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Fixtures

Basic concepts for the purposes of these regulations and technical uses the following basic concepts: Valves (valves) – technical device installed on the pipelines and tanks intended for their protection or management (overlap, management, distribution, mixing, ) flow of the working medium (liquid, gas, gas-liquid, powder, suspensions, etc.) by area change flow area or flow direction, valves and fittings – designed to shut off the flow of the working environment with a normalized integrity valves; protective fittings – valves, designed for automatic protection of equipment and pipelines from impermissible overpressure in the protected facility by dumping excess of the working environment; fixture – designed to control parameters of the working environment by changing the cross-section area of reinforcement; reverse fixture – designed to automatically prevent backflow of the working environment fittings; fittings shut-off – stop driving fittings with a minimum response time, due process requirements, distribution and mixing valves – valves, designed to distribute medium flow in certain directions, or for mixing flows; fittings – valves, designed to separate working environments that are in different phase states, pressure Nominal (PN) – the highest operating pressure, expressed in kg/cm2 at a temperature of operating environment 293 K (20 C) at which the predetermined period of service (resource) body parts of valves that have specific dimensions, based on the calculation of strength at the chosen materials and their characteristics of strength at 293 K (20 C) operating pressure (PP) – The highest overpressure, which allows continuous operation Fixtures for the chosen materials and a given temperature, pressure design – (P) – Too much pressure to which calculates the strength, the pressure test (RPR; Ph) – positive pressure, which should be carried out hydraulic test fittings for strength and density of water at a temperature of at least 278 K (5 C) and not more than 343 K (70 C) if the documentation otherwise indicated temperature. . For more information see Mike Wirth.

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Alternative Energy Production

Alternative energy sources are already used extensively in developed countries. This is the energy of the sun and ocean tides. This is the energy of helium, hydrogen and other gases. We consider the use as a source Energy alcohol, crop residues, human activity. Among the alternative sources is currently the most important was the use of biofuels for heat and electrical energy. Material for its production are biological sources and, basically, a waste lesorazrabotok and woodworking industry.

Among the most popular types of alternative energy – wind, solar, tidal, geothermal – biofuel occupies an important place: its share in the balance of alternative sources of more than 30%. Briquettes – a type of biofuel for solid fuel boilers, which is made from renewable natural resources. Represent a product of milling, drying and baling of waste agriculture, timber and peat. Pellets, pellets – biofuel produced from sawdust, peat, wood waste and agricultural waste. Details can be found by clicking Jen Skyler or emailing the administrator. Is a cylindrical pellets.

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Leaf Stamping

Sheet-metal stamping has long been used by mankind as an effective method of metal forming. She began to be used for manufacturing the same in form of products, most often, everyday items. The principle that uses a sheet-metal stamping, pretty simple. Sheet metal placed between the matrix and the punch. Punch has the form that you want to give the workpiece and the fixed matrix is its mate.

Sheet Stamping is that the punch should push sheet metal into the matrix. It is clear that the primitive sheet stamping do not require complicated technical devices, however, and its performance was low. It does not could meet the needs of emerging industries. Many writers such as Mike Wirth offer more in-depth analysis. The first attempts to create a water drive for stamping dates back to the xvi century. However, the rapid development of sheet-metal stamping experienced in the middle of the xix century, when it was invented first steam hammer, and then steam press. Sheet-metal stamping has been applied in various spheres of activity.

And in the xx century sheet-metal stamping gave a powerful impetus to the development of such industries as automobile and aircraft manufacturing, and after, and rocket science and other fields. Today, sheet-metal stamping allows you to perform various operations related to the processing of sheet metal. In the bulk of them grouped on the separation and formoizmenyayuschie. The first permit to cut the workpiece as desired, while the latter gives the product a desired shape. In both cases, the sheet-metal stamping uses the same principle of operation punches and dies. The difference in the type used by the stamp and features the impact of the metal. When cutting sheet-metal stamping uses a matrix with a through hole through which you can squeeze out of the cut. In addition, If the deformation of the punch should only give the metal a form without altering its mechanical properties, the cutting means greater impact. Her goal – to destroy the integrity of the material in the field of pressure.

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Fuel-Powered Equipment

High precision manufacture of fuel equipment of modern diesel engines can not organize the production of spare parts for traditional repair shops and workshops. Technical operation of the fuel equipment is usually built on a distinction between operations – current (prevention), maintenance of adjustment and recovery. Current operations (monitoring and maintenance of fuel equipment during engine operation) limited to a small volume of work. This is basically cleaning the outer parts, compliance measures, protecting the fuel from clogging, cleaning and rinsing the fuel filter and eliminate leaks in fuel lines. Among work conducted on-site installation of the engine, sometimes also include periodic review and the basic elements of fuel equipment or replacement of spare elements. Control and regulation of gas pumps can Only qualified staff, necessary to use tools and equipment, and specially prepared workplace. Dara Khosrowshahi pursues this goal as well. To create these conditions for organizing a special check and repair points or base, to deliver taken from the engine fuel system.

The supply of fuel into the cylinders diesel engine requires the following conditions: the implementation of the beginning and end of feeding in the strictly defined moments with respect to the position of pistons in cylinders; compliance with well-defined patterns of feeding, ensure continuity of fuel supplied and the duration of feeding all cylinders throughout the entire set regime, the possibility of changing fuel quantity (dosage) in accordance with the load applied to diesel engines, while simultaneously stopping delivery to all cylinders. About how difficult it is to meet these conditions and how well the process should be carried out metering fuel into the cylinders, the following example. marine diesel 6h * 15/18 on the mode of rated power for n = 1500 rpm, spends 1 hour and 26.5 kg of fuel. Knowing this, it is easy calculate how much fuel goes into each of its cylinders in one filing. Since the diesel four-stroke, in each of its cylinders for 1 min performed 750 operations.

In each cylinder for 1 hour is spent 26.5: 6 == 4.4 kg of fuel. Minute fuel consumption in each cylinder will be 4400: 60 = 73.3 g, whereas cyclic flow will be only 73.3: 750 = 0.098 was natural that at idle cyclic flow will be significantly less – approximately 0.02 g. The amount the fuel injection pump at a constant speed piston is controlled by changes in the active stroke plunger, ie, by changing the duration of injection: the larger it is, the more fuel enters the cylinder, and vice versa. These are called high pressure pump pumps spool type. Injection pump valve-regulated installed on diesel engines 750S (Fiat), M46M (Nohab-Polar"), dr 30/50, dr 43/61 (Russian Diesel ), SD-72, '5 SAD-72, 6TD- 56 (Sulzer), etc. However, due to some structural shortcomings of the fuel pump, the complexity of maintenance and operation and are not always sufficient reliability of fuel equipment of this type – Diesel enterprises set on diesel fuel injection pump spool type. Fuel spool type apparatus has a simple design management and operation, high reliability. Allows for easy adjustment of the fuel by changing the position of skew adjusting edges on the plunger. At present company manufactures fuel injection pump with all three methods of regulation. This is explained by the fact that all methods of controlling the amount of the fuel have various influences on the character of the combustion process and cost of diesel is mainly in the transition to equity load.

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Technical Diagnostics

Condition monitoring equipment during the operation carried out by identifying: – vibration states of individual nodes and unit as a whole – the heating temperature of the bearing assemblies – the state of lubricating oils – the state seal – the characteristic noise, thud, indicating the presence of cavitation, surge, as well as possible Troubleshooting parts and equipment – performance, created pressure and other parameters characterizing the safe and efficient operation of equipment. General information on the operation, maintenance care, diagnosis and repair of centrifugal machinery should be made operational, maintenance personnel and specialists Technical Diagnostics (IPD) in the following documents and media information: – Removable magazine (shift report) – Journal of the identified defects – Datasheet (repair form, repair book) – in magazines vibroizmereny facilities or in a database of electronic information. These documents are primary and reflect the technical condition of existing equipment, based on entries in these documents define the terms and categories of repairs. Before performing the transition to a service technician for state should pick up and test equipment and methods of diagnosis, to perform an informed choice when purchasing and implementation of stationary and portable systems for monitoring and diagnosing a serious and thorough approach to the definition of groups and classes of equipment by type of service, to prepare and train staff. It is advisable to involve specialized organizations that perform work on the translation equipment enterprise service by state. After the examination, conditions and technical requirements for specific equipment tested by the methods of experts will develop the schemes of service, diagnosis and repair, prepare the required set of instruments, will pick up the required hardware and software that perform training..

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Polymer Processing

Within each of our lives accumulating an incredible number of various different kinds of garbage. As a result, we are confronted with problems of export, processing, storage of solid waste. The second use of plastic waste as possible in view of industrial machines. Getting a cheap and high quality recycled material in polymer processing is not possible without the use of pellet, agglomerate crushers (this special equipment with high performance and enables to perform fast processing of secondary raw materials for further transformation in the necessary materials). Start looking industrial machine with one of the most extended ones and simple – the crusher. Through it you can pass different types of plastic. This equipment works like this: in a bowl of raw materials downloaded from whence it gradually transferred to the Department of rotary and stationary blades.

In this section, raw finely sliced. Then move the raw material into another container for the 'newfound' secondary raw materials. Polymer processing is exclusively with very high crushing force. This condition is made possible through the use of special water cooling system. In such a situation is incredibly important stability and high performance blade rotation. Due to the crusher service processing becomes simple. Second, complicated system of recycling-agglomerator.

As individual processing, and the whole complex will recycle this equipment. Agglomerator performs drying, sintering, grinding, washing of recycled materials. In the end we obtain pellets of different colors – agglomerate. On a solid frame contains all the mechanisms of the system, and therefore can Plastics Processing. Agglomerate is a versatile machine for the processing of recycled materials because of the ease in administration, maintenance, quietness, its small size, high performance. Perfect for plastic processing and granulyator.On able to produce processing operations of the films, profiles, boxes, etc. of polymer products. The machine is suitable for different polymers with the ability to install auger for chopping Plastics of all types. Weight devices Recycling performance, reliability and compact. Special attention should be washing crusher. Machine commonly used by enterprises engaged in processing. In this case it works, to make washing raw material, then grinds. The machine has a conveyor, hopper, integrated conveyor device for crushing, because of what is capable to process recyclables for short time. Since the system is secure shredding, then the performance of industrial machines is high. Together with the crusher complete normally go knives and other service tools. Scope of recycling unceasingly expands, because every year there are new models of processing mechanisms and processing.

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